{"id":30364,"date":"2023-11-29T16:49:09","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T16:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/?p=30364"},"modified":"2023-12-18T20:10:35","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T20:10:35","slug":"how-to-use-footnotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/how-to-use-footnotes\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Use Footnotes in Books: The Ultimate Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Footnotes are a key component of certain <a href=\"https:\/\/self-publishingschool.com\/book-genres\/\">genres of books<\/a>, particularly nonfiction. And yet, very few people use them properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is largely due to the fact that it is hard to add footnotes to a book, especially for most formatting programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past you had to have a huge, expensive program like Adobe InDesign to add footnotes to your book, but now there is <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/click\/atticus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a tool <\/a>that will do it for you with no hassle. More on that in a moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For now, let's discuss proper usage of footnotes in your book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"toc\">\nIn this article, you will learn:\n<ol><li>What a footnote is<\/li><li>How it differs from endnotes<\/li><li>How to use footnotes correctly<\/li><li>Different styles for footnotes<\/li><li>Ideas for using footnotes in fiction<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why You Should Trust Me<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So I've been writing and formatting books for a long time. 10+ years as of this writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I actually found formatting to be a huge pain, which is why I actually created my own formatting software that solved all my problems. I called it Atticus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this isn't meant to be a sales pitch. I just want to make sure it's clear that I know what I'm talking about. The amount of research that went into not only formatting my own books, but also creating a formatting software is huge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I researched everything, from tiny margin requirements, to the specific type of quotes to use (curly or straight, it makes a difference).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And yes, of course, that includes footnotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So if all that makes sense, hopefully you'll come along with me as show you everything I've learned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-footnotes\">What Are Footnotes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Footnotes are relevant notes placed at the bottom of your page, and are referenced from within the page (usually with superscript numbers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The primary purpose of a footnote is to add additional information, without interrupting the flow of the writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That additional information can include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Citations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parenthetical information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Copyright permissions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Background information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Author's notes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Footnotes are fantastic tools to share information without overpowering the reader. However, there are certain guides and styles to use footnotes properly, and I will get into many of them in a moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"offer-box\"><strong>Bonus:<\/strong> Formatting can be a difficult thing, especially when you have a vanilla tool like Microsoft Word. To make this process easier, I developed a tool to give you the template you need to format your book in Word. Get all the templates here!<center><a class=\"offer-button-box\" href=\"https:\/\/app.monstercampaigns.com\/c\/s73couqbi4ovrkehwjoi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check Out the FREE Formatting Templates<\/a><\/center><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-footnotes-vs-endnotes\">Footnotes vs. Endnotes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There is often some confusion about whether footnotes are the same as <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/how-to-use-endnotes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">endnotes<\/a> or vice versa. But footnotes are not the same as endnotes, though they do serve a similar purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Footnotes<\/strong> provide additional information at the bottom of each page, corresponding to the reference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Endnotes <\/strong>provide additional information at the end of each chapter or at the end of the book.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Otherwise, footnotes and endnotes are almost identical. They both are referenced with a small superscript number, and both refer to citations, additional information, etc. The only difference is the positioning of the note.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/footnotes-vs-endnotes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this article<\/a> for a full breakdown on the difference between footnotes and endnotes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-use-footnotes-properly-examples\">How to Use Footnotes Properly: Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Footnotes will look different depending on what style you use, and so you want to make sure that they look like they should, and that you are using a consistent style throughout your book or essay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's start by examining what the in-text citations look like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-text-citations\">In-Text Citations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To cite your footnote within the body of your text, start by including a small superscript number after the word or sentence where you want to place the reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If it is your first reference on the page, start with the number 1, if it is your second reference, go to number 2, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This will clue the reader in so they know which number to look for at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example of an in-text citation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-box\"><em>Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank<\/em><em><sup>1<\/sup><\/em><em>, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it.<\/em><em><sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chicago-style-footnotes\">Chicago-Style Footnotes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Chicago style is typically used for citations, though it can be used for other forms of footnotes as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Chicago footnotes, you want to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Indent each footnote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write the number at the start of each note, followed by a period and a space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Separate each footnote with one blank line<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Include the full information about each source (in the Chicago style) the first time beside it, with shortened information in subsequent citations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You may also want to have a complete list of sources in the back of your book in addition to these footnotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example of a Chicago-style footnote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group blue-box\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>1. King, Stephen. <em>On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft.<\/em> New York, NY: Scribner, 2000.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. King, Stephen. <em>On Writing<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-apa-style-footnotes\">APA-Style Footnotes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>APA-style footnotes are typically used for additional information instead of citations, though this is not a hard and fast rule. You can also use them for copyright clarification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To use APA-style footnotes, remember the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Add an indent at the start of each footnote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Begin with the superscript footnote number followed by a space (no period)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stick to essential information only, as APA footnotes can get long.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example of APA footnotes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group blue-box\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>&nbsp;1<\/sup> King, S. (2000). <em>On writing: A memoir of the craft<\/em>. Scribner.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>2<\/sup> This is where you might make an additional note or comment related to the piece you are writing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mla-style-footnotes\">MLA-Style Footnotes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>MLA footnotes can be used in a variety of ways, including additional information, citations, expansions, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do MLA-style footnotes well, remember the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Style the number at the beginning with a superscript and a space (no period)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add an indent at the start of your footnote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In-text citations are in parentheses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here's an example of an MLA-style footnote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group blue-box\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>1<\/sup> King, Stephen. <em>On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft.<\/em> Scribner, 2000.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>2<\/sup> This is where you might make an additional note or comment related to the piece you are writing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-use-footnotes-for-quotes\">How to Use Footnotes for Quotes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you're quoting a source directly in your material, you will want to add a footnote to cite your source so that you don't plagiarize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do this, use the exact words of the quote, place quotation marks around it, then placed your superscript number at the end of the quote, outside of the quotation marks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-use-a-good-formatting-program\">Use a Good Formatting Program<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To do this well, you are definitely going to need a good formatting program, the more automation the better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Programs like Microsoft Word and Adobe InDesign have long had the features necessary to add footnotes, but it is a pain to do, and can take a lot of time to learn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other formatting software like Vellum don't even have this capability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The best <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/book-formatting-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">formatting program<\/a> for adding footnotes is <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/atticus-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Atticus<\/a>. <\/strong>It will not only add footnotes for you, automatically adding them to the bottom of each of your pages, but it allows you to do so with the click of a button.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/click\/atticus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">check out Atticus here,<\/a> or scroll down for more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-footnotes-in-fiction-books\">Using Footnotes In Fiction Books<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While footnotes are primarily used in nonfiction books, there are some fun ways to use footnotes in fiction as well. Here are just a few ideas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reveal additional details about your world<\/strong>: it can be tough to pack all of the <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/world-building\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">world building<\/a> that you need into your story. How about giving a few extra details in the footnotes?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Make your world seem more real<\/strong>: by adding footnotes, you can make your world seem more academic, like it is an actual place. Tolkien did this in the Lord of the Rings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Add comments from other characters<\/strong>: what if you had a character reading the book you are writing? You could use footnotes as a way of letting the character comment on the text. You could also use this for the narrator of a <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/first-person\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first-person point of view<\/a> to comment on their own words.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding footnotes in fiction can be a fun way to stand out from the crowd, and make the process fun to read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-footnotes-are-important\">Why Footnotes Are Important<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is crucial that you learn to cite your sources, especially if you are a nonfiction writer. If you used any information in your book from a source other than your own experience (which most of it will be), then you will want to cite those sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thankfully, there is a tool to make this process a lot easier for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Kindlepreneur.com\/click\/atticus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Atticus<\/a> is the all-in-one program designed for authors to write and format their books with ease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only will it automatically create your footnotes, but it does a lot of other things to. Here is a brief rundown of Atticus's features:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It does footnotes and endnotes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You can format a ebook or print book in a variety of sizes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is $100 cheaper than the leading alternative (which does not have footnotes, by the way)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is available on virtually every platform, including Windows, Mac, Linux, and Chromebook<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>So if you want a program that makes footnotes easy, along with all of your other <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/how-to-format-a-book\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">formatting needs<\/a>, give Atticus a look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-create-footnotes-in-atticus\">How to Create Footnotes in Atticus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Atticus is one of the only formatting programs that does easy-to-insert footnotes (Adobe InDesign does footnotes, but the software is incredibly difficult to learn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atticus makes the process easy. Start by choosing whether you want footnotes or endnotes in the Formatting Tab:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image shadow\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"922\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/select-for-footnotes.png\" alt=\"how to select footnotes in atticus\" class=\"wp-image-30387\" style=\"width:770px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/select-for-footnotes.png 922w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/select-for-footnotes-300x65.png 300w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/select-for-footnotes-768x167.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Then, simply find where you want to insert your footnote, and select the following button in the top tool bar:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image shadow\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-tool-bar.png\" alt=\"footnotes in the atticus tool bar\" class=\"wp-image-30384\" style=\"width:770px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-tool-bar.png 823w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-tool-bar-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-tool-bar-768x105.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This will create a pop-up where you can insert your desired footnote:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image shadow\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-write.png\" alt=\"inserting footnotes in atticus\" class=\"wp-image-30385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-write.png 558w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnote-write-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You will then see the footnote displayed in the main editor:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image shadow\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-in-editor.png\" alt=\"footnotes in the atticus editor\" class=\"wp-image-30382\" style=\"width:770px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-in-editor.png 832w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-in-editor-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-in-editor-768x180.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>And that\u2019s it! Once this is done, the footnotes will appear in your formatted documents. Here is what that looks like in the Print version:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image shadow\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-final-look.png\" alt=\"the final look of footnotes formatted by atticus\" class=\"wp-image-30381\" style=\"width:450px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-final-look.png 478w, https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/footnotes-final-look-187x300.png 187w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Note also that for <a href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/epub-vs-mobi-vs-pdf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ebooks<\/a>, your footnotes will be converted to endnotes, since footnotes only work in print.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s such an easy process that very few formatting tools have, and ONLY Atticus makes it this simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f7782d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Video:<\/mark> Footnotes in Atticus!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For a nice summary of this article, and a demonstration of how footnotes work in Atticus, be sure to check out this video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SzKAmWpCnF0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/center>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em><strong><em>Want more videos like this? Be sure to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/kindlepreneur\/?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">subscribe to my YouTube channel<\/a> for weekly videos!<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<center><a class=\"buy-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kindlepreneur.com\/click\/atticus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check Out Atticus Today!<\/a><\/center>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Footnotes are a key component of certain genres of books, particularly nonfiction. And yet, very few people use them properly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":30380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3876],"tags":[3900],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Use Footnotes in Books: The Ultimate Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Footnotes are a key component of certain genres of books, particularly nonfiction. 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